session-30

Title

• brothers and sisters, wife and husbands

• of cabbages and kings (without the cabbage)

• "madness" of all sorts

• and now phobias:

• Helping Words

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brothers and sisters, wife and husbands

1. to fraternize (socialize): etymologically, to have a brotherly relationship (with). This verb may be used to indicate social intercourse between people, irrespective of sex. e.g. Members of the faculty often fraternized after school hours.

• fraternization (noun)

1. fraternal: brotherly the word also designates non-identical (twins)

2. fraternity: a men's organization in a high school or college, often labelled with greek letters

   "or"

   any group of people of similar interests or profession.

   e.g. the medical fraternity; the financial fraternity.

3. sorority: a women's organization in high school or college, again usually greek-lettered.

   "or"

   any women's social club.

4. uxorious: a adjective describing a man who excessively, even absurdly, caters to, dotes on, worships, and submits to the most outlandish or outrageous demands, of his wife

   • henpecked: this husband is dominated by his wife, perhaps because of his own fear or weakness. > the wife finds his uxoriousness comical or a pain in the neck. > > pain in the neck: a annoying or tedious person or thing.

5. uxorial: pertaining to, characteristic of, or befitting a wife, as uxorial duties, privileges , attitudes, etc.

6. martial: the marriage relationship of both husband and wife.

   etymologically, pertaining or referring to, or characteristic of, a husband, but the meaning has changed to include

   • extramarital: literally outside the marriage

   • premarital: events that occurs before a planned marriage. eg: premarital sex

of cabbages and kings (without the cabbage)

root : rex, regis (king)

• tyrannosaurus rex was the king (i.e, the largest) of the Dinosaurus.

  etymologically, "king of the tyrant lizards" dogs are often named Rex to fool them into thinking they are kings rather that slaves.

• regal: royal, or fit for a king , hence magnificent, stately, imperious, splendid, etc

  • regal bearing or manner

  • regal mansion

  • regal reception

  • regality (noun)

• regalia (plural noun): designated the emblems or insignia or dress of a king, and now refers to any impressively formal clothes; or more commonly, to the decorations, insignia, or uniform of a rank, position , office, social club, etc.

  e.g. The five-star general appeared in full regalia.

"madness" of all sorts

• monomaniac: one who develops an abnormal obsession in respect to one particular thing, but otherwise normal.

• monomania: the obsession itself, or the obsessiveness.

• monomaniacal (adj)

  Psychology recognizes other abnormal states, all designated obsessions, and built on greek mania (madness)

1. dipsomania: morbid compulsion to keep on absorbing alcoholic beverages. greek root: [dipsa (thirst)]

• dipsomaniac: the person for whom one drink is too many, a thousand not enough.

• dipsomaniacal (adj)

Recent investigations suggest that dipsomania, or alcoholism, may not necessarily be caused by anxieties or frustrations, but possibly a metabolic or physiological disorder.

1. kleptomania: morbid compulsion to steal, not from any economic motive, but simply because the urge to take another's possessions is irresistible

greek root: klepte (thief)

The kleptomaniac may be wealthy, and yet be obsessive shoplifter

• kleptomaniacal (adj)

1. pyromania: morbid compulsion to set fires

   greek root: pyros (fire)

   • incendiarism: the malicious and deliberate burning of another's property.

     latin root: incendo, incensus (to set fire)

   • incendiary: this person is antisocial, and usually sets fires for revenge.

     either of these two dangerous characters is called, colloquially, a "firebug"

   • arson: in low, setting fire to another's, or to one's own, property for the purpose of economic grass.

     latin root: ardo, arsus (to burn)

   Hence, the pyromaniac sets fire for the thrill; the incendiary for revenge; the arsonist for money

   • pyromaniacal (adj)

2. megalomania: morbid delusions of grandeur, power, importance, godliness, etc. Jokes accusing the heads of the governments of megalomania are common.

• megalomaniacal (adj)

1. nymphomania: morbid, incessant, uncontrollable, and intense desire, on the part of a female, for sexual intercourse.

   greek root: nymphe + mania
               (bride)

• nymphomaniac (the person)

• nymphomaniacal (adj)

1. satyromania : the same morbid, incessant, etc desire on the part of male.

   root: satyros (satyr) + mania

• satyromaniac (the person)

• satyromaniacal (adj)

• satyr : a mythological greek god, notorious for lechery.

  • satyromania is also called satyriasis.

and now phobias:

There are people who have irrational and deep-seated dread of cats, dogs, fire, the number thirteen, snacks, thunder or lightning, various colors, and so on almost without end; such morbid dread or fear is called, in the language of psychology, a phobia.

1. claustrophobia: morbid dread of being physically hemmed in, of enclosed spaces, of crowd, etc.

   root latin:  claustrum        +   phobia
              (enclosed place)     (morbid fear)

• claustrophobe (the person)

• claustrophobic (adj)

1. agoraphobia: morbid dread of open space, the reverse of claustrophobia.

   root latin:  agora        +   phobia
              (market place)     (morbid fear)

• agoraphobe (the person)

• agoraphobic (adj)

1. acrophobia: morbid dread of high (height) places.

   root latin:  afros   +  phobia
              (highest)   (morbid fear)

   • acrophobe (the person)

   • acrophobic (adj)

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Helping Words

• dread (n,v): great fear or apprehension.

• incessant (adj): (of something regarded an unpleasant continuing without pause or interruption).

• chestnut:

  1. अखरोट

  2. a small honey patch on the inside of each of a horse's leg.

• grandeur: (वैभव) splendour and impressiveness, especially of appearance or style. (high rank or social importance)

• delusions: भ्रम

• felony: (घोर अपराध) a crime regarded in the US and many other judicial systems as more serious than a misdemeanour.

• trinket: a small ornament or item of jewelry that is of little value.

• shoplifter: a person who steals goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer.

• insignia: (बिल्ला, राजचक्र) a distinguishing badge or emblem of military rank, office, or membership of an organization.

• emblems: (प्रतीक, चिन्ह) a heraldic device or symbolic object as a distinctive badge of a nation, organization or family.

• stately: impressive or grand in size, appearance, or manner.

• imperious: arrogant and domineering.

• splendid: magnificent, very impressive

• henpecked (adj): continually criticized and given orders by one's wife or female partner (typically used of a man).

• outrageous:

  1. shockingly bad or excessive.

  2. very bold and unusual and rather stocking.

• outlandish:

  1. looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar

  2. foreign or alien

• dote(s) [v]: (जान छिड़कना) be extremely and uncritically fond of.

• perversity (n): a deliberate desire to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; contrariness.

• pimp(s) [n,v]: a man who controls prostitutes and arranges client for them, taking a percentage of their earings in return.

• euphemistic: using or of the nature of a euphemism (polite)

  • euphemism: polite term.

• befitting (adj) : appropriate to the occasion.

• an old chestnut (phrase): a joke, story, or subject that has become tedious and uninteresting through constant repetition.

• pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire (phrase): succeed in a hazardous undertaking for someone else's benefit.

• befit (v): (उपयुक्त) be appropriate for ; suit.