session-41

People are the craziest animal

latin: bovis (ox or cow)

To call someone bovine is of course far from complementary for them adjective is considerably stronger than phlegmatic, and implies a certain mild contempt on the part of the speaker.

A bovine person is somewhat like vegetable : eats and grows lives, but apparently is lacking in any strong feelings.

Humans are sometimes compared to animals, as in the following adjectives:

1. leonine: like a lion in appearance or temperament

2. canine: like a dog

   • (n): species to which dogs belong

3. feline: catlike

   • we may speak of feline grace or

   • (insultingly) of feline temperament when we mean that a person is "catty"

4. porcine: piglike

5. vulpine: foxlike in appearance or temperament. (when applied to people, this adjective usually indicates the shrewdness of a fox).

6. ursine: bearlike

7. lupine: wolflike

8. equine: horselike, "horsy"

9. piscine: fishlike

Each adjective above also describes, or refers to, the specific animal as well as to the person linked to the animal

Root	Animal
leo	lion
canis	dog
felis	cat
porcus	pig
vulpus	fox
ursus	bear
lupus	wolf
equus	horse
piscis	fish

you can't go home again

greek root:  nostos    +   algos
            (a return)     (pain)

• nostalgia:

  • nostalgic (adj)

Soundings

root:  kakos        +   phone
      (bad, harsh)     (sound)

• cacophony:

  • cacophonous (adj)

1. telephone: etymologically, "sound from afar"

2. euphony: pleasant sound

3. phonograph: etymologically, "writer of sound"

4. saxophone: a musical instrument invented by Adolphe Sax.

5. xylophone: a musical instrument; etymologically "sounds through wood".

   greek: xylon (wood)

6. phonetics: the science of the sound of language.

   • phonetic (adj)

   • phonetician: the expert

7. phonics: the science of sound; also, the method of teaching reading by drilling the sounds of letters and syllables.

   • cacopsis: eye-offending

     • cacoptic (Adj)

the flesh and all

root:  carnis  +   voro
      (flesh)     (to devour)

• carnivorous: meat eater

1. herbivorous : subsisting on grains, grasses amd other vegetation, as cows, deer, horses, etc.

   • herbivore: (the animal)

   root: herba (herb) + voro (to devour)

2. omnivorous : eating everything;

   omnivorous refers not only to food. An omnivorous reader reads everything in great quantities (i.e, devour all kinds of reading matter)

3. voracious : devouring; hence, greedy or gluttonous; may refer either to food or to any other habits.

   • voracious eater

   • voracious reader

   • voracious in one's pursuit of money, pleasure, etc.

   • voracity or voraciousness (noun)

"allness"

Latin: omnis (all)

1. omnipotent : all-powerful, am adjective usually applied to god; also to any ruler whose governing powers are unlimited, which allows for some exaggeration.

root: omnis + potens, potentis (powerful)

• potentate: a powerful ruler

• impotent: powerless

• potent: powerful

• potential: possessing power or ability not yet exercised.

• omnipotence (noun)

1. omniscient : all-knowing; hence, infinitely wise

   root: omnis + sciens (knowing)

• omniscience (noun)

1. omnipresent : present in all places at once.

• ubiquitous : synonym of omnipresent

  latin: ubique (everywhere)

eg

1. the ubiquitous little red wagon rides around everywhere in airport to refuel departing planes

2. ubiquitous laughter greeted the press secretary remark, i.e., laughter was heard everywhere in the room

• ubiquity or ubiquitousness (noun)

1. omnibus : etymologically, "for all, including all"

• in an omnibus legislative bill we have a bill containing all the miscellaneous provisions and appropriations left out of the other bills.

more flesh

Note how carnis (flesh) , is the building block of:

1. carnelian: a reddish color, the color of red flesh

2. carnival: originally the season of merrymaking just before lent when people took a last fling before saying "carne vale!" "oh flesh, farewell!"

   latin: vale (farewell)

   • Today a carnival is a kind of outdoor entertainment games , rides, side shows, and of course lots of food - also any exuberant or riotous merrymaking or festivities.

3. carnal: most often found in phrases like "carnal pleasures" or "carnal appetites", and signifying pleasures or appetites of the flesh rather than of the spirit - hence, sensual, lecherous, lubricious, etc - carnality (noun)

4. carnage: great destruction of life (that is, of human flesh), as in war or mass murders.

5. reincarnation: a rebirth or reappearance.

   believers in reincarnation maintain that one's soul persists after it has fled the flesh and eventually reappears in the body of a newborn infant or animal, or in another form.

   • reincarnate (verb): to bring (a soul) back in another bodily form.

6. incarnate: in the flesh.

   if we use this adjective to call someone "the devil incarnate", we mean that here is the devil in the flesh.

   • to incarnate (verb): to embody, give bodily form to, or make real.

dark secrets

• clandestine: latin [clan (secretly)] secrecy or concealment in the working out of a plan that is dangerous or illegal.

• surreptitious: (close synonym of clandestine). stealthy, sneaky, furtive, generally because of fear of detection.

the two words cannot always, however, be used interchangeably

we may speak of either clandestine or surreptitious meetings or arrangements; but usually only of clandestine plans and only of surreptitious movements or actions.

• surreptitiousness (noun)

---

Helping Words

• insult to injury (phrase): to do or say something that makes a bad situation even worse (जले पे नमक छिड़कना)

• banter (n,v): the playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks.

• exuberant (adj): full of energy excitement, and cheerfulness.

• riotous (adj): marked by or involving public disorder.

• tide (n,v): the alternate rising and falling of the sea; usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of moon and sun (ज्वार-भाटा)

• courtier(s): a person who attends royal court as a companion or advisor to the king or the queen.

• bedlam (n):

  1. a scene of uproar and confusion

  2. an institution for the care of mentally ill people

• laudatory: (of speech and writing) expressing praise and commendation (complimentary)

• frivolous: not having any serious purpose or value.

• work double tides (phrase): work twice the normal time, or extra hard.

• tide over: help someone through a difficult period, especially with financial assistance

  eg: she needed a small loan to tide her over.

• furtive(ness): attempting ot avoid notice or attention, typically because of guilt or a belief that discovery would lead to trouble secretive.