session-43

more than fatigue

• enervation is not just fatigue, but complete devitalization- physical, emotional, mental – as if every ounce of the life force has been sapped out, as if the last particle of energy has been drained away.

  root:  e- (ex-) +  nervus
          (out)     (nerve)

• despite its similar appearance to the word energy enervation id almost direct antonym

• energy:

   en-  +  ergon
  (in)     (work)

  • erg is the term used in physics for a unit of work or energy

• synergism or synergy: The process by which two or more substances or drug, by working together produce a greater effect in combination than the sum total of their individual effects.

  • synergistically

verbal punishment

• castigate: verbal punishment, usually harsh and severe (stronger than scold, criticize, etc)

  • castigation [noun]

  From Latin verb meaning to punish

saying “No!” to oneself

• abnegate:

               ab-   	  +   nego
  (away) (as in absent)    (to deny)

• negate (v): to deny the truth or existence of something

• negation (noun)

heads and headings

Latin: caput, capitis (head)

• captain: head of any group

• capital: “head city” of a state or nation

• decapitate: to chop off someone’s head

  • decapitation (noun)

• recapitulate: from Latin capitulum (a little head)

  • recapitulation (noun)

  • recapitulatory (Adj)

• capitulate: etymologically, arrange in headings

  • or, as the meaning of the verb naturally evolved; you arrange conditions of surrenders as when as army capitulates to the enemy forces under prearranged conditions.

  • or, by further natural extension, you stop resisting and give up.

  e.g. He realized there was no longer any point in resisting her advances, so he reluctantly capitulated.

  • capitulation (noun)

mere vegetables

• to vegetate: (like vegetable) to do no more than stay alive, stay in a rut, leading an inactive, unstimulating, emotionally and intellectually stagnant existence.

• vegetation: any dull, passive, stagnant existence, also any plant life.

Helping Words

• rut: a long deep track made by the repeated passage of the wheels of vehicles.

• guillotine: a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people.

• mince: cut up or grind into very small pieces.

• not minced word (Phrase): speak candidly and directly, especially when criticizing someone or something.